A z-score tells you how many standard deviations a value is from the mean. It standardizes data for comparison across different scales.
Formula
z = (x - mean) / std_dev. Calculate instantly with our Z-Score Calculator.
Interpretation
|z| < 1 is common. |z| > 2 is unusual. |z| > 3 is rare. Positive z means above mean; negative means below.
Applications
Z-scores compare test results across exams, identify outliers in quality control, and feed into normal distribution probability tables.
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